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Within the country profile you can explore global and national indicators and near real-time information on the status and pressures in and around protected areas. You can also select specific metrics and create your report to be exported as a pdf document.
Terrestrial protection
Marine protection
Terrestrial connectivity
is covered by protected areas, are national, are international, and are regional.
Virtual elevation profile of the country providing minimum, maximum, median, mean elevation values in meters.


Net forest-related greenhouses gas flux represents the net exchange of greenhouses gas between forests and the atmosphere between 2001 and 2020. This net flux layer is part of the forest carbon flux model described in Harris et al. (2021). Here, the average annual net fluxes in MtCO₂e i...

Net forest-related greenhouses gas flux represents the net exchange of greenhouses gas between forests and the atmosphere between 2001 and 2020. This net flux layer is part of the forest carbon flux model described in Harris et al. (2021). Here, the average annual net fluxes in MtCO₂e is shown at global level and the average annual net fluxes in MtCO₂e/ha in protected areas and outside protected areas at national level.

The researcher estimated the Net Forest Carbon Flux calculating the balance between carbon emitted and sequestered by forests during the last 20 years (2001-2020). Negative values are found where forests sequestered more carbon from the atmosphere than what they emitted and positive values are found where emissions from stand-replacing forest disturbances were higher than removals. Emissions include all relevant ecosystem carbon pools (aboveground biomass, belowground biomass, dead wood, litter, soil) and greenhouse gases (CO2, NH4, N2O) while removals are into the aboveground and belowground biomass pools.

Source:Harris et al. (2021). Global maps of 21st century forest carbon fluxes, from Global Forest Watch.CC BY 4.0

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List of Terrestrial, Marine and Coastal protected areas in the country.

Estimated number of threatened and near threatened species for protected areas in country as extracted from the range maps of the species documented by the IUCN.


Country ranking of the protected areas at least as large as 5 km2 according to the diversity of their habitats.


Indicator 15.6.1: Total reported number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs) transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country (number). The Contracting Parties to the Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture have established a Mu...

Indicator 15.6.1: Total reported number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs) transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country (number). The Contracting Parties to the Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture have established a Multilateral System both to facilitate access to Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and to share, in a fair and equitable way, the benefits arising from the utilization of these resources, on a complementary and mutually reinforcing basis. Article 12.4 of the Treaty provides that facilitated access under the Multilateral System shall be provided pursuant to a Standard Material Transfer Agreement, and the Governing Body of the Treaty, in its Resolution 1/2006 of 16 June 2006, adopted the Standard Material Transfer Agreement.
The Standard Material Transfer Agreement is a mandatory model for parties wishing to provide and receive material under the Multilateral System.

For this complementary sub-indicator, the unit of measurement is the number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs). The total number of SMTAs transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country is a cumulative figure. It is calculated based on information generated through the Easy-SMTA platform. The data is the number of SMTA reported through the online system of Easy-SMTA for each country. SMTA is a mandatory contract that Contracting Parties of the International Treaty have agreed to use whenever  plant genetic resources falling under the Multilateral System are made available through transfer.  The number of SMTA issued (signed) could be higher, as all SMTAs signed may not be reported through the online system and therefore not recorded

Target 15.6: Promote fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources and promote appropriate access to such resources, as internationally agreed
How well are different ecosystem types, as indicated by land cover, preserved and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting their distribution in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor the consequences of the associated changes on the...

How well are different ecosystem types, as indicated by land cover, preserved and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting their distribution in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor the consequences of the associated changes on the environment, in particular inside and around protected areas to ensure that natural ecosystems and their
associated species and ecosystem functions (e.g. goods and services) are preserved. By comparing land cover maps over time at the country, ecoregion and protected area level, land use changes can be identified. 

Indicator unit: Natural areas and their protection statistics are expressed in km2 of the area of interest.

Area of interest: Natural areas and their protection statistics have been generated for each country.

 

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally Description The indicator 15.2.1: Progress towards sustainable forest management for the Target 15.2, is composed of five sub-indicators that measure progress towards all dimensions of sustainable forest management. The environmental values of forests are covered by three sub-i...
Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
In which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country? Safeguarding the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) is vital for halting the decline in biodiversity and for ensuring the...

In which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country?

Safeguarding the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) is vital for halting the decline in biodiversity and for ensuring the long-term and sustainable use of terrestrial and marine natural resources. The establishment of protected areas in the locations where these KBAs are found is one of the priority actions to safeguard their conservation values. The KBA-related indicators contribute to measuring progress towards Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and are also part of the suite of indicators adopted to assess progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 15 (life on land).

Indicator unit: Average protection percentage of KBAs.

Area of interest: The indicator is available at the country level.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
Goal 14. Protect marine ecosystems Description Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains in protecting portio...
Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
In which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country? Safeguarding the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) is vital for halting the decline in biodiversity and for ensuring the ...

In which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country? Safeguarding the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) is vital for halting the decline in biodiversity and for ensuring the long term and sustainable use ofterrestrial and marine natural resources. The establishment of protected areas in the locations where these KBAs are found is one of the priority actions to safeguard their conservation values. The KBA-related indicators contribute to measuring progress towards Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), and are also part of the suite of indicators adopted to assess progress towards Sustainable Development Goal 15 (life on land).

Indicator unit: Number of KBAs in each country.

Area of interest: Number of KBAs completely covered by protected areas (PAs), partially covered by PAs, and with no coverage by PAs in each country

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
Goal 14. Protect marine ecosystems Description Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains in protecting portio...
Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
How well connected are the terrestrial protected area systems at the country level? This indicator can be used to assess the degree to which the spatial arrangement of Protected Areas (PAs) is successful in ensuring connectivity of protected lands; to monitor the country progress toward...

How well connected are the terrestrial protected area systems at the country level? This indicator can be used to assess the degree to which the spatial arrangement of Protected Areas (PAs) is successful in ensuring connectivity of protected lands; to monitor the country progress towards Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and design where additional efforts are most needed in expanding or reinforcing the connectivity of PA systems.

 

Reference: Saura, S., Bastin, L., Battistella, L., Mandrici, A., Dubois, G. 2017. Protected areas in the world’s ecoregions: how well connected are they? Ecological Indicators, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2016.12.047

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
​​The Megafauna Conservation Index (MCI), developed by researcher led by Peter Lindsey of the University of Pretoria in South Africa, wants to assess the spatial, ecological and financial contributions of countries towards conservation of the world’s terrestrial megafauna. The index foc...

​​The Megafauna Conservation Index (MCI), developed by researcher led by Peter Lindsey of the University of Pretoria in South Africa, wants to assess the spatial, ecological and financial contributions of countries towards conservation of the world’s terrestrial megafauna. The index focused on three main components regarding megafauna ecology and conservation:

the proportion of the country occupied by each megafauna species,

the proportion of the range of these species that’s strictly protected in each country

the amount of money spent on conservation by each country – either domestically or internationally, relative to GDP.

Here the index is reported for the ACP countries.

In the paper megafauna is defined as large mammals as species weighing more than 150 kg for carnivores and 100 kg for omnivores and herbivores.

MCI index was then standardised into a 0–100 scale.

To learn more on the methodology used by research to estimate the MCI, please refer to the paper:

Lindsey, P. A., Chapron, G., Petracca, L. S., Burnham, D., Hayward, M. W., Henschel, P., … & Ripple, W. J. (2017). Relative efforts of countries to conserve world’s megafauna. Global Ecology and Conservation, 10, 243-252. doi:10.1016/j.gecco.2017.03.003

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The Memorandum of Understanding concerning the concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia was concluded under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and came into effect on 3 October 2008. It will remain open for s...

The Memorandum of Understanding concerning the concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia was concluded under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and came into effect on 3 October 2008. It will remain open for signature indefinitely. It aims to achieve and maintain a favourable conservation status for manatees and small cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia and their habitats and to safeguard the associated values of these species for the people of the region. Various threats, including direct and accidental catch, coastal development, pollution and habitat degradation, have caused West African marine mammal populations to decline rapidly. The West African manatee belongs to the order Sirenia and is one of three manatee species, along with the Amazonian and the American manatee. Being the most threatened of the three species, as noted by the CMS Scientific Council in 1999, it is listed in Appendix II of the Convention. Among the main threats for this species are the destruction of its natural habitats, mangroves and coastal wetlands, by pollution and overexploitation; and the hunting for meat, leather and oil.

Goal 3 - Target 8 Description Goal 3: Improve the conservation status of migratory species and the ecological connectivity and resilience of their habitats Target 8: The conservation status of all migratory species, especially threatened species, has considerably improved throughout their range....
Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
The dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC).  Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July ...

The dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 

Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Available at: habitats.oceanplus.org

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14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
Target 10 on Vulnerable Ecosystems Description Target 10: By 2015 the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.
STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS OR EQUIVALENT INSTRUMENTS (NBSAPS) In the ACP group of states (including South Sudan, an observer at ACP), 73 countries have submitted an NBSAP following the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2...

STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS OR EQUIVALENT INSTRUMENTS (NBSAPS) In the ACP group of states (including South Sudan, an observer at ACP), 73 countries have submitted an NBSAP following the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and 9 countries had submitted an NBSAP prior to the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. [Status at January 2021]

TARGET 17 on NBSAP Description By 2015 each Party has developed, adopted as a policy instrument, and has commenced implementing an effective, participatory and updated national biodiversity strategy and action plan.
Extract from UN Statistics Division SDG metadata: This indicator Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas shows temporal trends in the mean percentage of each important site for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity ...

Extract from UN Statistics Division SDG metadata:

This indicator Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas shows temporal trends in the mean percentage of each important site for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity (i.e., those that contribute significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by designated protected areas.

The full metadata record is available here.

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
Indicator unit:  Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2 . Area of interest The SOCI has been calculated at the country level and for all protected areas and is provided and  for each country, each terrestrial ecoregion and e...

Indicator unit:  Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2 .

Area of interest The SOCI has been calculated at the country level and for all protected areas and is provided and  for each country, each terrestrial ecoregion and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

Policy question: There are two main policy questions to which the SOCI indicator is relevant:

  • How do protected areas contribute, through the conservation of soil resources, to the fertility, health and productivity of the ecosystems and to the livelihoods of the local communities that depend on these resources? Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main component of soil organic matter, which is critical for the stabilization of soil structure, retention and release of plant nutrients, and water infiltration and storage in soil. SOC is therefore essential to ensuring soil health, fertility and food production. The loss of SOC indicates a certain degree of soil degradation, and can happen through unsustainable management practices such as excessive irrigation or leaving the soil bare, without significant vegetation cover.
  • How do protected areas contribute to soil carbon storage and hence to offset the impacts of fossil fuel emissions and to climate change mitigation? Soils represent the largest terrestrial organic carbon reservoir. Carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon stored in phytomass and in the atmosphere, and is the second largest global carbon store (sink) after the oceans. Changes in land use and land cover can cause SOC decreases and carbon emissions, which are one of the largest sources of human-caused carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Protected areas may contribute to soil carbon retention and hence to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world
Goal 13. Climate Change Description Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks Description Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change miti...
Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
Indicator unit: The above-ground carbon (AGC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It corresponds to the carbon fraction of the oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees, excluding stump and roots, as estimated by the...

Indicator unit: The above-ground carbon (AGC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It corresponds to the carbon fraction of the oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark, branches and twigs) of all living trees, excluding stump and roots, as estimated by the GlobBiomass project (globbiomass.org) with 2017 as the reference year.

Area of interest: The AGCI has been calculated at the country level and for all protected areas and is provided for each country, each terrestrial ecoregion, and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world
Goal 13. Climate Change Description Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks Description Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change miti...
Indicator unit: Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2. Area of interest: The SOCI has been calculated at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas and is provided for each country and each t...

Indicator unit: Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2.

Area of interest: The SOCI has been calculated at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas and is provided for each country and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

Policy question: There are two main policy questions to which the SOCI indicator is relevant:  How do protected areas contribute, through the conservation of soil resources, to the fertility, health and productivity of the ecosystems and to the livelihoods of the local communities that depend on these resources? Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the main component of soil organic matter, which is critical for the stabilization of soil structure, retention and release of plant nutrients, and water infiltration and storage in soil. SOC is therefore essential to ensuring soil health, fertility and food production. The loss of SOC indicates a certain degree of soil degradation, and can happen through unsustainable management practices such as excessive irrigation or leaving the soil bare, without significant vegetation cover.  How do protected areas contribute to soil carbon storage and hence to offset the impacts of fossil fuel emissions and to climate change mitigation? Soils represent the largest terrestrial organic carbon reservoir. Carbon stored in soils worldwide exceeds the amount of carbon stored in phytomass and in the atmosphere, and is the second largest global carbon store (sink) after the oceans. Changes in land use and land cover can cause SOC decreases and carbon emissions, which are one of the largest sources of human-caused carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Protected areas may contribute to soil carbon retention and hence to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world
Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks Description Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change miti...
Goal 13. Climate Change Description Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Indicator unit: The belowground biomass carbon (BBC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It represents an estimation of the carbon stored in the roots of all living trees. This carbon pool is calculated as a fraction of the aboveground biomass carbon stock using...

Indicator unit: The belowground biomass carbon (BBC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It represents an estimation of the carbon stored in the roots of all living trees. This carbon pool is calculated as a fraction of the aboveground biomass carbon stock using root-to-shoot ratios (R). It is derived from two main data sources: the global aboveground biomass map produced by the GlobBiomass project (globbiomass.org) and the 2019 Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC, 2019).

Area of interest: The BBCI has been calculated at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas and is provided for each country and each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2.

Policy question: There are two main policy questions to which BBCI is relevant:

  • How do protected areas contribute, through the conservation of vegetation resources, to the health and productivity of the ecosystems and to the sustainability of the local communities that depend on these ecosystem services derived from them? Tree-root systems provide various ecosystem services that improve soil conditions and prevent soil degradation.
  • How do protected areas contribute to carbon storage and hence to offset the impacts of fossil fuel emissions and to climate change mitigation? Forests represent one of the largest terrestrial organic carbon reservoirs, and significantly contribute to the regulation of the global carbon cycle. Root biomass represents a stable and relatively inaccessible carbon stock, mainly affected by the removal of the canopy. Protected areas may contribute to biomass and carbon retention and hence to the reduction of net emissions of greenhouse gasses responsible for climate change.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

15.3:By 2030, combat desertification, restore degraded land and soil, including land affected by desertification, drought and floods, and strive to achieve a land degradation - neutral world
Goal 13. Climate Change Description Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks Description Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change miti...
A new paper published in Nature Sustainability mapped the irrecoveral carbon in earth's ecosystems. It shows how manageable, vulnerable and irrecoverable carbon are distributed among ecosystems. Petland, mangrove forests, old-growth forests are the most important- reserve of irrecoverab...

A new paper published in Nature Sustainability mapped the irrecoveral carbon in earth's ecosystems. It shows how manageable, vulnerable and irrecoverable carbon are distributed among ecosystems. Petland, mangrove forests, old-growth forests are the most important- reserve of irrecoverable carbon. ““Irrecoverable carbon” refers to the vast stores of carbon in nature that are vulnerable to release from human activity and, if lost, could not be restored by 2050 — when the world must reach net-zero emissions to avoid the worst impacts of climate change..”. Here we are showing the percentage of irrecoverable carbon density by ACP country in million tonnes and the mean of irrecoverable carbon density for the year 2018 in Mg ha-1 protected by protected and conserved areas.

To explore deeper the original dataset and  research, visit Conservation International Resilience Atlas. Source:  Noon, M.L., Goldstein, A., Ledezma, J.C. et al. Mapping the irrecoverable carbon in Earth’s ecosystems. Nat Sustain 5, 37–46 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00803-6

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.t

 

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using the BIOPAMA Services (2022)

Mangroves provide both climate change mitigation and adaptation services. They provide benefits for coastal communities and they are among the most effective carbon-capture ecosystems. If they are degraded or cleared, the carbon stored will be released into the atmosphere as CO2 and it ...

Mangroves provide both climate change mitigation and adaptation services. They provide benefits for coastal communities and they are among the most effective carbon-capture ecosystems. If they are degraded or cleared, the carbon stored will be released into the atmosphere as CO2 and it will exacerbate climate changes. Target 8 of the First Draft of the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework said: “Minimize the impact of climate change on biodiversity, contribute to mitigation and adaptation through ecosystem-based approaches, contributing at least 10 GtCO2e per year to global mitigation efforts, and ensure that all mitigation and adaptation efforts avoid negative impacts on biodiversity.” Mangrove habitats contribute to climate mitigation targets. This layer wants to show the percentage of total carbon stored in mangroves per ACP country in comparison with the global mangrove total organic carbon stored.

Source: Global Mangrove Watch

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using the BIOPAMA Services (2022)

Map of conservation projects funded by the EU (Life and BEST programmes, EuropeAid) and the World Bank. See our other tool eConservation for more details.

eConservation
Inside PAs
Outside PAs
List of terrestrial ecoregions in country and protected areas coverage statistics.


Gap of Protection towards Aichi Target 11
On target
-1%
-2%
-5%
-10%
-17%
List of marine ecoregions in country and protected areas coverage statistics.


Gap of Protection towards Aichi Target 11
On target
-1%
-2%
-5%
-10%
How important is a given area in terms of habitat diversity and associated species diversity? By identifying distinct habitats in a given area, one can highlight areas supporting a large variety of structural and functional ecosystem properties and, indirectly, a potentially higher spec...

How important is a given area in terms of habitat diversity and associated species diversity? By identifying distinct habitats in a given area, one can highlight areas supporting a large variety of structural and functional ecosystem properties and, indirectly, a potentially higher species diversity.

Indicator unit: The THDI is derived from the square of the number of Terrestrial Habitat Functional Types (THFTs) encountered in a given area divided by the square root of the surface (in km2 ) of the protected area. The higher the THDI, the larger the diversity of habitats.

Area of interest: The THDI can be generated for any terrestrial area (e.g. country, ecoregion or protected area).  The THDI has been calculated for each terrestrial protected area of size ≥ 5 km2 and for the terrestrial parts of each coastal protected areas of size ≥ 5 km2 .

 

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
15.4: By 2030, ensure the conservation of mountain ecosystems, including their biodiversity, in order to enhance their capacity to provide benefits that are essential for sustainable development
Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
How well are we protecting freshwater ecosystems and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting surface water in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor the consequences of the associated changes on the environment, in particular inside...

How well are we protecting freshwater ecosystems and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting surface water in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor the consequences of the associated changes on the environment, in particular inside and around protected areas, to ensure that natural ecosystems and their associated species and ecosystem functions (e.g. goods and services) are preserved. By comparing surface water maps overtime at the country and protected area level, changes in water regimes can be identified.

Indicator unit: Areas of inland permanent and seasonal surface water and their changes over time (1984 - 2018) are expressed in km2 and percentages. The following statistics are computed for each protected area, each country and each terrestrial ecoregion and are provided, together with associated maps, for each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2  and each country :

  • Net change (km2 ) of permanent surface water (1984 - 2020)
  • Net change (km2 ) of seasonal inland water (1984 - 2020)
  • Net change (km2 ) of protected permanent surface water (1984 - 2020)
  • Net change (km2 ) of protected seasonal inland water (1984 - 2020)

We further provide maps of water occurrence, water occurrence change intensity and water transitions. Area of interest Surfaces of inland surface water and change statistics have been computed at the country level, terrestrial ecoregion level and for all protected areas.

Area of interest: Surfaces of inland surface water and change statistics have been computed at the country level and for all protected areas.

 

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 6.6.1 Change in the extent of water-related ecosystems over time Description SDG target 6.6 seeks to halt the degradation and destruction of water-related ecosystems and to assist the recovery of those already degraded. SDG indicator 6.6. 1 tracks changes in different types of water-related ecosystems, enabling decision makers to determine t...
How well are forests preserved in a given area? Forests are one of the most important terrestrial habitats and a carbon sink that needs to be conserved to fulfil biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation targets. By informing of forest cover trends, and their spatial distr...

How well are forests preserved in a given area? Forests are one of the most important terrestrial habitats and a carbon sink that needs to be conserved to fulfil biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation targets. By informing of forest cover trends, and their spatial distribution, it is possible to highlight countries, ecoregions or specific protected areas with worrying forest loss trends, as well as others where forest cover is well maintained or even increases through time either naturally or through forestation.

Indicator unit: Forest change statistics are expressed as the trend in the percent of the land covered by forests, as well as the total forest area (km2 ) gained or lost when compared to the reference year 2000.

Area of interest: The forest cover for the year 2000 and the forest change statistics are computed for each protected area, each country and each ecoregion and are provided for each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2 ,each country and each terrestrial ecoregion.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally Description The indicator 15.2.1: Progress towards sustainable forest management for the Target 15.2, is composed of five sub-indicators that measure progress towards all dimensions of sustainable forest management. The environmental values of forests are covered by three sub-i...
Indicator units: Natural (and semi-natural) land fragmentation refers to the reduction of area, the emergence of discontinuities and the isolation of natural land patches within a region of interest. Natural land spatial pattern is a relevant measure to capture changes in size, shape an...

Indicator units: Natural (and semi-natural) land fragmentation refers to the reduction of area, the emergence of discontinuities and the isolation of natural land patches within a region of interest. Natural land spatial pattern is a relevant measure to capture changes in size, shape and structural connectivity, in particular the breaking down of large patches of natural land into smaller patches, the presence of linear features and isolated small fragments. The Natural Land Pattern Index (NLPI) assesses the spatial pattern of the natural and semi-natural lands for a given year (here, at year 2015) by reporting the area (in km2) covered by six spatial pattern classes (core, edge, linear feature, islet, core-perforation, other non-natural land) within a region of interest. The Natural Land Pattern Dynamics (NLPD) index reports the trends in the area occupied by these pattern classes in the last 20 years (1995-2015) within a region of interest. The landscape mosaic is simplified into natural/semi-natural lands, water bodies and non-natural lands. Non-natural lands such as cropland, transport infrastructure and settlements, are considered fragmenting elements.The six pattern classes are determined based on the spatial arrangement, shape and size of the land cover patches; See below (Use and Interpretation section) for a detailed description of these six classes. Fragmentation can be further resumed in one single indicator value, such as the edge to core ratio. The Natural Land Fragmentation Index (NLFI) and the Natural Land Fragmentation Dynamics (NLFD) will be included in the next update of the DOPA.

Area of interest: NLPI and NLPD are calculated in DOPA for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, as well as for countries and terrestrial ecoregions, and are provided in DOPA Explorer for all terrestrial and coastal protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2 , for countries and for terrestrial ecoregions. The spatial distribution of the six pattern classes is mapped and shown in DOPA for all natural/semi-natural land, either inside or outside protected areas.

Policy question: How can we assess the spatial integrity of natural/semi-natural ecosystems?
Where and how much are global and local pressures fragmenting natural/semi-natural lands? Pressures on the natural land, particularly
human driven pressures, are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor how they translate in changes in the spatial pattern and
fragmentation levels of natural/semi-natural ecosystems, in particular inside and around protected areas, to ensure that these ecosystems, and their associated species, their functions and services, are preserved.

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15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
Humans need increasing amounts of plant biomass for producing food, fodder, fiber and energy. Being able to meet these demands in the long term requires a sustainable use of land and vegetation resources. A persistent reduction in biomass production or land productivity will directly an...

Humans need increasing amounts of plant biomass for producing food, fodder, fiber and energy. Being able to meet these demands in the long term requires a sustainable use of land and vegetation resources. A persistent reduction in biomass production or land productivity will directly and indirectly impact almost all terrestrial ecosystem services and benefits that form the basis for sustainable livelihoods of all human communities. Tracking changes in land productivity is, therefore, an essential part of monitoring ecosystem changes and land transformations that are typically associated with land degradation.
The state of the Earth’s vegetation cover and its development over time is one reliable and accepted measure associated with land productivity. 

Indicator unit: Area in km2 with decreasing, stable or increasing trend in land productivity from 1999 to 2013. Land productivity is calculated from satellite observations of photosynthetically active vegetation as the above-ground biomass production accumulated during the annual growing season.
Area of interest: The LPD has been calculated in DOPA for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, for their 10km unprotected buffer, as well as for countries and terrestrial ecoregions, and is provided in DOPA Explorer for all terrestrial and coastal protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2 , for countries and for terrestrial ecoregions.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

15.1 By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services, in particular forests, wetlands, mountains and drylands, in line with obligations under international agreements
The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is a composite index   created to show the degree of forest integrity for 2019. The authors identified three Forest Integrity categories: “high ”“medium”, and “low”. Here it is presented the % of forested area with High Integrity over the tota...

The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is a composite index   created to show the degree of forest integrity for 2019.

The authors identified three Forest Integrity categories: “high ”“medium”, and “low”.

Here it is presented the % of forested area with High Integrity over the total forested area by country. For Hight Forest Integrity, the authors mean “Interiors and natural edges of more or less unmodified naturally regenerated (i.e., non-planted) forest ecosystems, comprised entirely or almost entirely of native species, occurring over large areas either as continuous blocks or natural mosaics with non-forest vegetation; typically little human use other than low-intensity recreation or spiritual uses and/or low-intensity extraction of plant and animal products and/or very sparse presence of infrastructure; key ecosystem functions such as carbon storage, biodiversity, and watershed protection and resilience expected to be very close to natural levels (excluding any effects from climate change) although some declines possible in the most sensitive elements (e.g., some high value hunted species).”

Source: Grantham, H.S., Duncan, A., Evans, T.D. et al. Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity. Nat Commun 11, 5978 (2020).

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Target 05 on Natural Habitats Description Target 5: By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats, including forests, is at least halved and where feasible brought close to zero, and degradation and fragmentation is significantly reduced.
The dataset shows the country's extent of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC).  Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Availabl...

The dataset shows the country's extent of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 

Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Available at: habitats.oceanplus.org

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using the BIOPAMA Services (2022)

The dataset shows the country's extent of Cold-water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC).  Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Availabl...

The dataset shows the country's extent of Cold-water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 

Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Available at: habitats.oceanplus.org

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using the BIOPAMA Services (2022)

The dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Cold-water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC).  Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July ...

The dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Cold-water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 

Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Available at: habitats.oceanplus.org

Related Policies

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using the BIOPAMA Services (2021)

14.5 By 2020, conserve at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, consistent with national and international law and based on the best available scientific information
Target 10 on Vulnerable Ecosystems Description Target 10: By 2015 the multiple anthropogenic pressures on coral reefs, and other vulnerable ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification are minimized, so as to maintain their integrity and functioning.
List of protected areas ≥ 1 km2 and associated pressures..

A new study quantified how the consumption habits of people in each country, through trade and supply networks, imperil threatened and near-threatened terrestrial species of amphibians, mammals and birds. For the study, recently published in Scientific Reports, researchers used a metric...

A new study quantified how the consumption habits of people in each country, through trade and supply networks, imperil threatened and near-threatened terrestrial species of amphibians, mammals and birds. For the study, recently published in Scientific Reports, researchers used a metric called the extinction-risk footprint. The team found that 76 countries are net “importers” of this footprint, meaning they drive demand for products that contribute to the decline of endangered species abroad. Other countries, e.g. Madagascar, Tanzania, are designated as net “exporters,” meaning their extinction-risk footprint is driven more by consumption habits in other countries. In several countries domestic consumption is the most significant driver of extinction risk within those nations. Learn more:  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-09827-0

This sub-dataset provides detail on each country's extinction-risk footprint. A global level, the map shows the impact of global consumption on the species found within that country’s borders in percentage. A national level, the map shows the imported and exported consumption for each country. The imported extinction-risk footprint is a result of consumption within the country driving extinction risk in other countries, and its exported extinction risk footprint is a result of consumption outside of the country driving the extinction risk within the country.

 

Uploaded by Simona Lippi (Using BIOPAMA GEONODE)

A fundamental requirement for productive fisheries is maintenance of the biodiversity that offers natural systems resilience against changing conditions.(FAO, State of World Fishery and Aquaculture 2020). Threatened marine fish species can be legally caught in industrial fisheries and m...

A fundamental requirement for productive fisheries is maintenance of the biodiversity that offers natural systems resilience against changing conditions.(FAO, State of World Fishery and Aquaculture 2020). Threatened marine fish species can be legally caught in industrial fisheries and moreover according to FAO, annual estimate of fisheries interactions with at least 20 million individuals of endangered, threatened and/or protected species. Here we show the catch records (tonnes) of globally threatened species in the EEZ by country in the last 10 years.

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using BIOPAMA Services (2022)

14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing Description By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to level...
Goal 14. Protect marine ecosystems Description Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains in protecting portio...
14.4 By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing Description By 2020, effectively regulate harvesting and end overfishing, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and destructive fishing practices and implement science-based management plans, in order to restore fish stocks in the shortest time feasible, at least to level...
Oil seed crops, especially oil palm, are among the most rapidly expanding agricultural land uses, and their expansion is known to cause significant environmental damage. Accordingly, these crops often feature in public and policy debates, which are hampered or biased by a lack of accura...

Oil seed crops, especially oil palm, are among the most rapidly expanding agricultural land uses, and their expansion is known to cause significant environmental damage. Accordingly, these crops often feature in public and policy debates, which are hampered or biased by a lack of accurate information on environmental impacts. This dataset presents a global crop map. It covers areas where oil palm plantations were detected at global scale, and includes industrial and smallholder mature oil palm plantations.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using BIOPAMA Services (2021)

How much potential impact may humans living in a protected area have on that protected area and on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? How much of this potential impact is due to recent (15-year) increases in human population density? By identifying protected areas w...

How much potential impact may humans living in a protected area have on that protected area and on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? How much of this potential impact is due to recent (15-year) increases in human population density? By identifying protected areas with low population density, it is possible to highlight locations that are likely to better conserve the species and ecological processes that are associated to more pristine conditions and that are more sensitive to the direct and indirect impacts from human activities. On the other hand, by identifying protected areas with a relatively high or increasing population density, it is possible to suggest in which locations it is likely most necessary to ensure an effective management of the human-nature relationships and the sustainability of human activities. In these locations, a priority would be to orient human activities and livelihoods in ways that are compatible with the conservation targets, such as ecotourism and other regulated recreation activities, or supporting traditional modes of rural development that have been compatible with the persistence of the biodiversity values of the protected area.

Indicator unit: The PPI assesses human population density for a given area in year 2015, expressed as the average number of people per km2 . The CPPI assesses the percent change in human population density for the same area from 2000 to 2015.

Area of interest: PPI and CPPI have been calculated for each terrestrial protected area and for the terrestrial parts of each coastal protected areas. To assess pressures around protected areas, we further computed the indicators for the 10 km unprotected buffer zone around the protected areas of size ≥ 5 km2 . PPI and CPPI are reported in DOPA Explorer for each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2 and their unprotected buffers (values for buffers are reported only for protected areas of size ≥ 5 km2 ). We further show trends regarding the changes in rural and urban population at the country level.

 

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

How much potential impact may humans living in a protected area have on that protected area and on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? How much of this potential impact is due to recent (15-year) increases in human population density? By identifying protected areas w...

How much potential impact may humans living in a protected area have on that protected area and on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? How much of this potential impact is due to recent (15-year) increases in human population density? By identifying protected areas with low population density, it is possible to highlight locations that are likely to better conserve the species and ecological processes that are associated to more pristine conditions and that are more sensitive to the direct and indirect impacts from human activities. On the other hand, by identifying protected areas with a relatively high or increasing population density, it is possible to suggest in which locations it is likely most necessary to ensure an effective management of the human-nature relationships and the sustainability of human activities. In these locations, a priority would be to orient human activities and livelihoods in ways that are compatible with the conservation targets, such as ecotourism and other regulated recreation activities, or supporting traditional modes of rural development that have been compatible with the persistence of the biodiversity values of the protected area.

Indicator unit: The PPI assesses human population density for a given area in year 2015, expressed as the average number of people per km2 . The CPPI assesses the percent change in human population density for the same area from 2000 to 2015.

Area of interest: PPI and CPPI have been calculated for each terrestrial protected area and for the terrestrial parts of each coastal protected areas. To assess pressures around protected areas, we further computed the indicators for the 10 km unprotected buffer zone around the protected areas of size ≥ 5 km2 . PPI and CPPI are reported in DOPA Explorer for each terrestrial and coastal protected area of size ≥ 1 km2 and their unprotected buffers (values for buffers are reported only for protected areas of size ≥ 5 km2 ). We further show trends regarding the changes in rural and urban population at the country level.

 

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Using the first aggregation level, the land cover classes are provided for this country for the year 2015 km2 and %.



Land Cover Change (1995 to 2015)
The land cover class change for this country from the years 1995 to 2020 in km2


Land Cover Change (1995 to 2020)
Natural / semi-natural land → Mosaic natural / managed land
Natural / semi-natural land → Cultivated / managed land
Natural / semi-natural land → Water / snow and ice
Mosaic natural / managed land → Natural / semi-natural land
Mosaic natural / managed land → Cultivated / managed land
Mosaic natural / managed land → Water / snow and ice
Cultivated / managed land → Natural / semi-natural land
Cultivated / managed land → Mosaic natural / managed land
Cultivated / managed land → Water / snow and ice
Water / snow and ice → Natural / semi-natural land
Water / snow and ice → Mosaic natural / managed land
Water / snow and ice → Cultivated / managed land
West Africa boasts a network of protected areas, including both terrestrial and marine zones, which are vital for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health. These areas, ranging from small forest reserves to expansive national parks and transboundary landscapes, play a crucial role...

West Africa boasts a network of protected areas, including both terrestrial and marine zones, which are vital for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health. These areas, ranging from small forest reserves to expansive national parks and transboundary landscapes, play a crucial role in safeguarding endangered species and habitats. They also provide essential ecosystem services and contribute to local economies through tourism and other sustainable initiatives

Trends in forest area are crucial for monitoring SFM. The first sub-indicator focuses on both the direction of change (whether there is a loss or gain in forest area) and how the change rate is changing over time; the latter is important in order to capture progress among countries that...

Trends in forest area are crucial for monitoring SFM. The first sub-indicator focuses on both the direction of change (whether there is a loss or gain in forest area) and how the change rate is changing over time; the latter is important in order to capture progress among countries that are losing forest area, but have managed to reduce the rate of annual forest area loss.

15.2: By 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally Description The indicator 15.2.1: Progress towards sustainable forest management for the Target 15.2, is composed of five sub-indicators that measure progress towards all dimensions of sustainable forest management. The environmental values of forests are covered by three sub-i...
Forests fulfil a number of functions that are vital for humanity, including the provision of goods (wood and non-wood forest products) and services such as habitat for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, coastal protection and soil and water conservation. The indicator provides a measur...

Forests fulfil a number of functions that are vital for humanity, including the provision of goods (wood and non-wood forest products) and services such as habitat for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, coastal protection and soil and water conservation. The indicator provides a measure of the relative extent of forest in a country. The availability of accurate data on a country's forest area is a key element for forest policy and planning within the context of sustainable development. Changes in forest area reflect the demand for land for other uses and may help identify unsustainable practices in the forestry and agricultural sector. Forest area as percentage of total land area may be used as a rough proxy for the extent to which the forests in a country are being conserved or restored, but it is only partly a measure for the extent to which they are sustainably managed. The indicator was included among the indicators for the Millennium Development Goals (MDG) (indicator 7.1 “Proportion of land covered by forest”).

Goal 15. Protect terrestrial ecosystems Description Progress in preserving and sustainably using the Earth’s terrestrial species and ecosystems is uneven. The pace of forest loss has slowed and improvements continue to be made in managing forests sustainably and protecting areas important for biodiversity. However, d...
Active fires are located on the basis of the so-called thermal anomalies produced by them. The algorithms compare the temperature of a potential fire with the temperature of the land cover around it; if the difference in temperature is above a given threshold, the potential fire is confirmed as an active fire or "hot spot." Global Wildfire Information System (GWIS) uses the active fire detections provided by the NASA FIRMS (Fire Information for Resource Management System).

Map Layers
Active Fires
Active fires are located on the basis of the so-called thermal anomalies produced by them. The algorithms compare the temperature of a potential fire with the temperature of the land cover around it; if the difference in temperature is above a given threshold, the potential fire is confirmed as an active fire or "hot spot".
Last 1 Day
Active Fires
Active fires are located on the basis of the so-called thermal anomalies produced by them. The algorithms compare the temperature of a potential fire with the temperature of the land cover around it; if the difference in temperature is above a given threshold, the potential fire is confirmed as an active fire or "hot spot".
Last 1 Day
Last 7 Days
Active Fires
Active fires are located on the basis of the so-called thermal anomalies produced by them. The algorithms compare the temperature of a potential fire with the temperature of the land cover around it; if the difference in temperature is above a given threshold, the potential fire is confirmed as an active fire or "hot spot".
Last 1 Day
Last 7 Days
Last 30 Days
Active Fires
Active fires are located on the basis of the so-called thermal anomalies produced by them. The algorithms compare the temperature of a potential fire with the temperature of the land cover around it; if the difference in temperature is above a given threshold, the potential fire is confirmed as an active fire or "hot spot".
Last 1 Day
Last 7 Days
Last 30 Days
Last 90 Days
Global historical and current flood events derived from news, governmental, instrumental, and remote sensing sources from the Dartmouth Flood Observatory and Flood hazard 100 year return period Layer from Global Flood Awareness System

Flood hazard 100 year return period
Inundated areas for flood events with a return period of 100 years, based on GloFAS climatology. Permanent water bodies derived from the Global Lakes and Wetlands Database and from the Natural Earth lakes map (naturalearthdata.com).
Shallow (less than 1m)
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Sea Surface Temperature Near Real-Time Data

The NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) twice-weekly 50-km Sea Surface Temperature (SST) product SST is defined as the skin temperature of the ocean surface water.
Lowest
Highest
The NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) twice-weekly 50-km Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly product displays the difference between today's SST and the long-term average. The scale goes from -5 to +5 °C.

Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
The NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) twice-weekly 50-km Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Anomaly product displays the difference between today's SST and the long-term average. The scale goes from -5 to +5 °C. Positive numbers mean the temperature is warmer than average; negative means cooler than average. More at NOAA Website Please zoom out to see the layer
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Sea Surface Temperature Trends Near Real-Time Data

The NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) daily global 5km 7-day Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Trend product, updated daily, provides information on the pace and direction of the SST variation, and thus coral bleaching heat stress, if present, over the past seven days. Seven daily global 5km SST measurements, based on CRW's Version 3.1 daily global 5km 'CoralTemp' SST product, are included in the calculation used to derive the above product images. Pixels colored in green have insignificant trends; this is due either to small SST trends (within the range -0.2 to 0.2 °C) or trends that failed the two-tailed Student's-t test for the 20% significance level with five degrees of freedom.
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Daily Coral Bleaching Heat Stress Alert Near Real-Time Data

Level of stress of the Global Coral Reefs derived from NOAA Alerts Bleaching Alerts.
No Stress
Watch
Alert Level 1
Alert Level 2
Coral Bleaching HotSpot Near Real-Time Data

The twice-weekly global 50km Coral Bleaching HotSpot product presented here was used to measure the occurrence and magnitude of instantaneous coral bleaching-inducive heat stress. See the 'Coral Reef Watch Operational 50km Satellite Nighttime SST Climatologies' table above to access the Maximum Monthly Mean (MMM) SST climatology, used before February 1, 2016 for this product.
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Map layers of species richness as reported by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Map Layers
Amphibian Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Bird Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Mammal Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Shark and Rays Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Coral Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Map layers of endemic species richness as reported by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Map Layers
Endemic Amphibian Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Endemic Bird Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Endemic Mammal Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Endemic Shark and Rays Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Endemic Coral Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Map layers of treatened endemic species richness as reported by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Map Layers
Threatended Endemic Amphibian Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Threatended Endemic Bird Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Threatended Endemic Mammal Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Threatended Endemic Shark and Rays Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
Threatended Endemic Coral Species Richness
Species will not necessarily be present in the protected area. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is complete for some groups (mammals, birds, amphibians, sharks and rays, mangroves, seagrasses, cycads, conifers, and selected marine, freshwater and invertebrate taxa), but not complete for many others (e.g., reptiles). We therefore have generated our key species indicators for the globally assessed major taxonomic groups of birds, mammals, amphibians, warm-water reef-building corals and rays & sharks only. Species ranges are mapped as generalized polygons which often include areas of unsuitable habitat, and therefore species may not occur in all of the areas where they are mapped. In general, for range-restricted taxa, ranges are mapped with a higher degree of accuracy, sometimes down to the level of individual subpopulations, compared with more widely distributed species. Threatened = species assessed in any of the three threatened Red List categories (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.
Low richness
High richness
The number of animal and plant species as reported by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

The species list in country is computed from the species ranges recorded in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Indicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic mammals at site and country levels. Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided in BIOPAMA for all protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2, and for the protected portion of coun...

Indicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic mammals at site and country levels.

Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided in BIOPAMA for all protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2, and for the protected portion of countries. General statistics are reported at country level, species richness is mapped at global level.

Policy question: Where are the areas in the world hosting most species? How many species in a country have their ranges covered at least partially by protected areas? How many threatened species are endemic and how many of these have their ranges protected? Where are the main gaps in terms of species observations? These are key questions for assessing whether conservation measures have been taken to prevent extinctions on to measuring progress on Aichi Targets 11 and 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Goal 14. Protect marine ecosystems Description Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains in protecting portio...
15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
Goal 3 - Target 8 Description Goal 3: Improve the conservation status of migratory species and the ecological connectivity and resilience of their habitats Target 8: The conservation status of all migratory species, especially threatened species, has considerably improved throughout their range....
Target 15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
Indicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic amphibians at site and country levels. Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided in BIOPAMA for all protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2, and for protected portion of count...

Indicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic amphibians at site and country levels.

Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided in BIOPAMA for all protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2, and for protected portion of countries. General statistics are reported at country level, species richness is mapped at global level.

Policy question: Where are the areas in the world hosting most species? How many species in a country have their ranges covered at least partially by protected areas? How many threatened species are endemic and how many of these have their ranges protected? Where are the main gaps in terms of species observations? These are key questions for assessing whether conservation measures have been taken to prevent extinctions on to measuring progress on Aichi Targets 11 and 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
Goal 3 - Target 8 Description Goal 3: Improve the conservation status of migratory species and the ecological connectivity and resilience of their habitats Target 8: The conservation status of all migratory species, especially threatened species, has considerably improved throughout their range....
Target 15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
Indicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic amphibians at site and country levels. Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided in BIOPAMA for all protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2, and for protected portion of count...

Indicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic amphibians at site and country levels.

Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided in BIOPAMA for all protected areas of size ≥ 1 km2, and for protected portion of countries. General statistics are reported at country level, species richness is mapped at global level.

Policy question: Where are the areas in the world hosting most species? How many species in a country have their ranges covered at least partially by protected areas? How many threatened species are endemic and how many of these have their ranges protected? Where are the main gaps in terms of species observations? These are key questions for assessing whether conservation measures have been taken to prevent extinctions on to measuring progress on Aichi Targets 11 and 12 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

---

Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Goal 14. Protect marine ecosystems Description Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 18. The increasingly adverse impacts of climate change (including ocean acidification), overfishing and marine pollution are jeopardizing recent gains in protecting portio...
15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
Target 15 on contribution to carbon stocks Description Target 15: By 2020, ecosystem resilience and the contribution of biodiversity to carbon stocks have been enhanced, through conservation and restoration, including restoration of at least 15 per cent of degraded ecosystems, thereby contributing to climate change miti...
Target 15.8: By 2020, introduce measures to prevent the introduction and significantly reduce the impact of invasive alien species on land and water ecosystems and control or eradicate the priority species
Species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary statistics on the number of endemic and threatened species (IUCN, 2020). Species included in ...

Species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary statistics on the number of endemic and threatened species (IUCN, 2020).

Species included in the Red List are classified into the following categories based on Red List criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation:

Threatened species fall into one of the following three categories:

1) Critically Endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

2) Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild. 3) Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.

 

Country lists of (protected) Threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) and Near Threatened species are derived by the previously described overlay within protected areas and species ranges,aggregating the results by the ISO3 code reported for the Protected Area by WCMC.

See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary statistics on the number of endemic and threatened species (IUCN, 2020). Species included in ...

Species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary statistics on the number of endemic and threatened species (IUCN, 2020).

Species included in the Red List are classified into the following categories based on Red List criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation:

Threatened species fall into one of the following three categories:

1) Critically Endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

2) Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild. 3) Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.

 

Country lists of (protected) Threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) and Near Threatened species are derived by the previously described overlay within protected areas and species ranges,aggregating the results by the ISO3 code reported for the Protected Area by WCMC.

See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.

---

Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary statistics on the number of endemic and threatened species (IUCN, 2020). Species included in ...

Species assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary statistics on the number of endemic and threatened species (IUCN, 2020).

Species included in the Red List are classified into the following categories based on Red List criteria such as rate of decline, population size, area of geographic distribution, and degree of population and distribution fragmentation:

Threatened species fall into one of the following three categories:

1) Critically Endangered (CR) – Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.

2) Endangered (EN) – High risk of extinction in the wild.

3) Vulnerable (VU) – High risk of endangerment in the wild.

 

Country lists of (protected) Threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, Vulnerable) and Near Threatened species are derived by the previously described overlay within protected areas and species ranges,aggregating the results by the ISO3 code reported for the Protected Area by WCMC.

See http://www.iucnredlist.org/ for more details.

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Data Uploaded by Luca Battistella using the Digital Observatory for Protected Areas Services (2022)

Target 12 on threatened species Description By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Species Protection Index (SPI) evaluates the species-level ecological representativeness of each country’s protected area network. It is a measure of the extent to which a country’s protected areas are ecologically representative on the species level, calculated as the average proportio...

Species Protection Index (SPI) evaluates the species-level ecological representativeness of each country’s protected area network. It is a measure of the extent to which a country’s protected areas are ecologically representative on the species level, calculated as the average proportion of the suitable habitat of a country’s species included in the country’s terrestrial protected areas. The index is built on remote-sensing informed species distribution and the protected areas and it is designated to report progress towards AICHI Target 11. To learn more about the methods for calculating this index:
https://ipbes.net/sites/default/files/Metadata_GEO_BON_Map_of_Life_Spec…

 

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Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using BIOPAMA Services (2022)

Target 11 on Protected Areas Description Target 11: By 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas, especially areas of particular importance for biodiversity and ecosystem services, are conserved through effectively and equitably managed, ec...
Target 2 - Post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework Draft Description By 2030, protect and conserve through well connected and effective system of protected areas and other effective area-based conservation measures at least 30% of the planet with the focus on areas particularly important for biodiversity
The landscape features indicator refers to the presence of lakes, coral reefs and mountain ranges in the countries. The landscape feature indicator is simple presence-absence of big lakes (GLWD_P(0/1), Lehner & Döll, 2004), mountain ranges (GMBA_P(0/1), Global Mountain Biodiversity ...

The landscape features indicator refers to the presence of lakes, coral reefs and mountain ranges in the countries. The landscape feature indicator is simple presence-absence of big lakes (GLWD_P(0/1), Lehner & Döll, 2004), mountain ranges (GMBA_P(0/1), Global Mountain Biodiversity Assessment, Mountain Inventory v1.2) and warm-water coral reefs (CR_P(0/1), UNEP-WCMC) combined at country level without weighting factors. The indicator varies between 0 and 3. LFR = GLWD_P(0/1) + GMBA_P(0/1) + CR_P(0/1) Despite its simplistic and coarse approach, we included this indicator because it covers some dimensions of wildlife potential underestimated by the other two components. The presence of lakes is strongly correlated with birdwatching, which is quite an important ecotourism niche. Coral reef diving is generally driven by wildlife attraction (coloured corals and fishes), sometimes targeting specific species such as sea turtles and whale sharks. In our indicator, this feature accounts for marine wildlife tourism potential, without overlapping with generic beach tourism. Mountain ranges are prominent landscapes hosting some iconic species – though less known than the Big Five – such as gelada baboon and Ethiopian wolves, mountain forest birds and primates (e.g., mangabeys). These landscape features represent desirable add-ons to usual safaris, since they provide opportunities for tourists to walk or swim, and so obtain relief from offroad driving and rough conditions. The wildlife economy potential composite indicator was calculated in two steps: 1. Species Richness and Biomes Richness indicators were reclassified on a scale from 0 to 3 based on value distribution natural clusters. 2. The reclassified indicators were summed up with the Landscape Features indicator. The final indicator ranges between 1 and 9 and was rescaled to low potential (1-3), medium potential (4-6), and high potential (7-9).

Target 20 on financial resources Description By 2020, at the latest, the mobilization of financial resources for effectively implementing the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 from all sources, and in accordance with the consolidated and agreed process in the Strategy for Resource Mobilization, should ...
Extract from the UN Statistics Division SDG metadata: The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN 20...

Extract from the UN Statistics Division SDG metadata:

The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on
genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species (IUCN 2015) is expressed as changes in an index ranging from 0 to 1.

The full metadata record is available here.

15.5: Take urgent and significant action to reduce the degradation of natural habitats, halt the loss of biodiversity and, by 2020, protect and prevent the extinction of threatened species
Document Document Type Publication year
Estratégia Nacional e Plano de Ação para a Conservação da Biodiversidade 2015- 2030. NBSAP 2014
IUCN PAPACO Website with RAPPAM, METT and EoH Assessments in Africa Site-level assessment, National assessment, Regional assessment, Technical report, Other 2020
Regional Network of Marine Protected Areas in West Africa (RAMPAO) Website Other 2020
West African Marine Protected Areas (RAMPAO): RAPPAM Assessment 2009 Site-level assessment, Regional assessment, Technical report 2009
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