Extract from the UN Statistics Division SDG metadata:

This indicator Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity shows temporal
trends in the mean percentage of each important site for mountain biodiversity (i.e., those that
contribute significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by designated protected
areas

The full metadata record is available here.

In which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country?

Index of biodiversity importance based on Key Biodiversity Areas coverage and species richness from IUCN Red List. It can be used as proxy of biodiversity exposure in risk and vulnerability analysis.

It is a dimension of the composite indicator on vulnerability to global travel and tourism crises.

References

An intact forest landscape (IFL) is a seamless mosaic of forest and naturally treeless ecosystems with no remotely detected signs of human activity and a minimum area of 500 km2. (Potapov et al.2017) Intact forests are complex and diverse ecosystems that if lost, are irreplaceable. Research shows that designating intact forest landscapes as protected areas has proven effective at limiting their fragmentation.

Terrestrial Ecosystems in Country and WDPA protected sites. Analysis performed by L. Battistella in February 2021. Original dataset provided by "USGS-TNC" (World Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sayre et al. 2020).

Diversity of terrestrial ecosystems in protected areas and countries expressed by Shannon index.

This sub-indicator is the forest area that is certified by an independently verified forest management certification scheme. Such certification schemes apply standards that generally are higher than those established by the countries’ own normative frameworks, and compliance is verified by an independent and accredited certifier. An increase in certified forest area therefore provides an additional indication of progress towards sustainable forest management.

MIKE sites distribution and longevity

Map of the normalised average Percentage of Illegal Killing of Elephants (PIKE) by MIKE sites over the reporting period.

The indicator is calculated as the average percentage of illegal killing in observed carcasses over the reporting period, normalized by yearly mean carcasses number (= total carcasses/years of reporting) to account for the different magnitude of carcass numbers found across sites.

STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS OR EQUIVALENT INSTRUMENTS (NBSAPS) In the ACP group of states (including South Sudan, an observer at ACP), 73 countries have submitted an NBSAP following the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020, including the Aichi Biodiversity Targets and 9 countries had submitted an NBSAP prior to the adoption of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020. [Status at January 2021]

The commitment of countries in mainstreaming biodiversity into sectoral policies throughout their post-2010 NBSAPs has been reviewed for 144 countries that have submitted new NBSAPs (by October 2017), including 55 ACP member states (Whitehorn et al. 2019). Five criteria were assessed in order to obtain a qualitative national-level indicator for comparing levels of commitment among countries: 1. Which actors have been involved in the development of the NBSAP? (public, private, civil society, other) 2.

This dataset shows the Mangrove Forests Protection for the year 2016 and the country mangrove extent  for years 1996 and 2016. The dataset is a subset of the global mangrove extent dataset generated by the Global Mangrove Watch (GMW) – a collaboration between Aberystwyth University (U.K.), solo Earth Observation (soloEO), Wetlands International, the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). 

Marine Protection (%) as of February 2021.

Percentage or surface (km2 ) of a marine area covered by protected areas.

The indicator can be used to assess how far countries or ecoregions are from the Aichi Target 11 of having 10% of coastal and marine areas covered by wellconnected systems of protected areas. Inversely, the information highlights where on the globe additional efforts are most needed in expanding or reinforcing the coverage by protected areas.

​​The Megafauna Conservation Index (MCI), developed by researcher led by Peter Lindsey of the University of Pretoria in South Africa, wants to assess the spatial, ecological and financial contributions of countries towards conservation of the world’s terrestrial megafauna. The index focused on three main components regarding megafauna ecology and conservation:

the proportion of the country occupied by each megafauna species,

the proportion of the range of these species that’s strictly protected in each country

Protected Areas in MIKE programme

All MIKE sites but one overlap with protected areas included in the World Database of Protected Areas (UNEP-WCMC), either entirely or partly. 

Check the Regional and National tabs for more details.

Percentage of Illegal Killing of Elephants (PIKE) by protected areas in MIKE programme.

In the regional and national tabs, maps show the normalised average PIKE over the activity period for each protected area in MIKE programme and included in the selected region/s or country/ies. 

In the local tab, the time series of annual PIKE is presented for each protected area in MIKE programme.

Total number of elephant carcasses reported in MIKE programme over the monitoring period.

The global map shows total number of carcasses by MIKE site.

The regional and national tabs report aggregated statistics and the local tab shows the number of carcasses by protected areas involved in MIKE programme.

How well are different ecosystem types, as indicated by land cover, preserved and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting their distribution in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to monitor the consequences of the associated changes on the environment, in particular inside and around protected areas to ensure that natural ecosystems and their

IMET is a Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) tool that allows an in-depth assessment of marine and terrestrial protected areas, regardless of their management categories and governance type. It is also a decision support tool that helps protected area managers take analysis-based management decisions for improved conservation outcomes. 

Typically, the first IMET assessment consists of a 3-4 day workshop with the protected area team and key stakeholders facilitated by one or two IMET coaches.

The Indicator 15.2.1. "Progress towards sustainable forest management" for the target 15.2, is composed of five sub-indicators that measure progress towards all dimensions of sustainable forest management. 

The sub-indicators are:

1. Forest area annual net change rate

2. Above-ground biomass stock in forest

3. Proportion of forest area located within legally established protect areas

4. Proportion of forest area under a long term forest management plan

How well connected are the terrestrial protected area systems at the country level? This indicator can be used to assess the degree to which the spatial arrangement of Protected Areas (PAs) is successful in ensuring connectivity of protected lands; to monitor the country progress towards Aichi Target 11 of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and design where additional efforts are most needed in expanding or reinforcing the connectivity of PA systems.

In which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country? Safeguarding the Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) is vital for halting the decline in biodiversity and for ensuring the long term and sustainable use ofterrestrial and marine natural resources. The establishment of protected areas in the locations where these KBAs are found is one of the priority actions to safeguard their conservation values.

The West African Manatee, Trichechus senegalensis, listed as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, inhabits shallow coastal waters, wetland systems and rivers from Senegal to Angola.

Some of the most threats to this species include incidental capture in nets, hunting for meat, skin, bones and oil, and moreover habitat loss as a result of the damming of rivers, cutting of mangroves for firewood, coastal development, and the destruction of wetlands for agricultural development.

The Memorandum of Understanding concerning the concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia was concluded under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) and came into effect on 3 October 2008. It will remain open for signature indefinitely.

Nature Needs Half is one of the approaches proposed to identifying actions supporting the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, focusing on protecting, conserving, restoring and retaining natural areas of land and sea. Nature Needs Half call for protection of half of any region.

A Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA) is defined as a component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries encompassing one or more protected areas as well as multiple resource use areas. TFCAs are founded with the aim of collaboratively managing shared natural and cultural resources across international boundaries for improved biodiversity conservation and socio-economic development.

Indicator 15.6.1: Total reported number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs) transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country (number). The Contracting Parties to the Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture have established a Multilateral System both to facilitate access to Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and to share, in a fair and equitable way, the benefits arising from the utilization of these resources, on a complementary and mutually reinforcing basis.

Extract from UN Statistics Division SDG metadata:

This indicator Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas shows temporal trends in the mean percentage of each important site for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity (i.e., those that contribute significantly to the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by designated protected areas.

The full metadata record is available here.

Current state of protection coverage for both terrestrial and marine sites.

The dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC). 

Source:UNEP-WCMC (2021). Ocean+ Habitats [On-line], [July 2021]. Available at: habitats.oceanplus.org

---

Data Uploaded by Simona Lippi using the BIOPAMA Services (2022)