Above-ground biomass stock in forest (tonnes per hectare)
Ecosystem functioning and servicesChanges in the above-ground biomass stock in forest indicate the balance between gains in biomass stock due to forest growth and losses due to wood removals, natural losses, fire, wind, pests and…
20988
% of protected area
EcologicalSurface of protected areas (terrestrial or marine) as a percentage of the total area under consideration (CBD Post 2020; IPBES)
24405
Above ground carbon
Ecosystem functioning and servicesIndicator unit: The above-ground carbon (AGC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It corresponds to the carbon fraction of the oven-dry weight of the woody parts (stem, bark…
23428
Adaptation capacity index (lack of)
Habitats and EcosystemsAdaptation capacity This is a composite indicators of the capacity of responding and adapting to the crisis derived from indicators of poverty, food security, governance, communication and physical…
20770
Agricultural Pressure Indicator (API)
Human Impact and PressuresHow much potential impact may agriculture land use in a protected area have on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? By identifying protected areas with low pressure from…
18193
Average proportion of Mountain Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas (%)
ConservationExtract from the UN Statistics Division SDG metadata: This indicator Coverage by protected areas of important sites for mountain biodiversity shows temporal trends in the mean percentage of each…
18145
Average protection of Key Biodiversity Areas
ConservationIn which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country? Safeguarding the Key…
23437
Below ground carbon
Ecosystem functioning and servicesIndicator unit: The belowground biomass carbon (BBC) is expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) of carbon per km2 . It represents an estimation of the carbon stored in the roots of all living trees.…
23449
Biodiversity important areas index
ConservationIndex of biodiversity importance based on Key Biodiversity Areas coverage and species richness from IUCN Red List. It can be used as proxy of biodiversity exposure in risk and vulnerability analysis…
20767
Carbon Storage in Mangrove Forests
Ecosystem functioning and servicesMangroves provide both climate change mitigation and adaptation services. They provide benefits for coastal communities and they are among the most effective carbon-capture ecosystems. If they are…
21229
Change in Population Pressure Indicator (CPPI)
Human Impact and PressuresHow much potential impact may humans living in a protected area have on that protected area and on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? How much of this potential impact is due to…
18187
Cold-Water Corals Extent
Habitats and EcosystemsThe dataset shows the country's extent of Cold-water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre…
21115
Cold-Water Corals Protection
Habitats and EcosystemsThe dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Cold-water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation…
21105
Conserving and Protecting Intact Forest Landscapes
ConservationAn intact forest landscape (IFL) is a seamless mosaic of forest and naturally treeless ecosystems with no remotely detected signs of human activity and a minimum area of 500 km2. (Potapov et al.2017…
24264
Country extinction-risk footprints
Human Impact and PressuresA new study quantified how the consumption habits of people in each country, through trade and supply networks, imperil threatened and near-threatened terrestrial species of amphibians, mammals and…
23572
Diversity of terrestrial ecosystems in protected areas
ConservationTerrestrial Ecosystems in Country and WDPA protected sites. Analysis performed by L. Battistella in February 2021. Original dataset provided by "USGS-TNC" (World Terrestrial Ecosystems, Sayre et al.…
21141
Ecosystem services economic value in Timor Leste
Ecosystem functioning and servicesThis indicator shows economic value of ecosystem services in Timor Leste biomes, estimated through regionalised summary values from the Ecosystem Services Value Database.
21236
Ecosystem services value in Timor Leste - by key informants
Ecosystem functioning and servicesHow much value do ecosystems hold in Timor-Leste? Evaluation by local key informants Stakeholders-informed evaluation of ecosystem services in biomes of Timor-Leste. This evaluation is based on key…
21235
Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme
ConservationThis sub-indicator is the forest area that is certified by an independently verified forest management certification scheme. Such certification schemes apply standards that generally are higher than…
21010
Forest Landscape Integrity Index
Habitats and EcosystemsThe Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is a composite index created to show the degree of forest integrity for 2019. The authors identified three Forest Integrity categories: “high ”“medium”,…
21209
Forest-related greenhouse gas fluxes
ClimateNet forest-related greenhouses gas flux represents the net exchange of greenhouses gas between forests and the atmosphere between 2001 and 2020. This net flux layer is part of the forest carbon flux…
23577
Geospatial data - MIKE programme I: Designated MIKE sites
ConservationMIKE sites distribution and longevity The CITES Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) Programme has designed a site-based system to monitor trends in the illegal killing of elephants,…
18727
Geospatial Data - MIKE programme III: Illegal Killing (PIKE) in MIKE sites
ConservationMap of the normalised average Percentage of Illegal Killing of Elephants (PIKE) by MIKE sites over the reporting period. The indicator is calculated as the average percentage of illegal killing in…
18668
Geospatial Data - State of NBSAPs publication_2021
ConservationSTATUS OF DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL BIODIVERSITY STRATEGIES AND ACTION PLANS OR EQUIVALENT INSTRUMENTS (NBSAPS) In the ACP group of states (including South Sudan, an observer at ACP), 73 countries have…
20740
Habitat diversity in protected areas
Habitats and EcosystemsHow important is a given area in terms of habitat diversity and associated species diversity? By identifying distinct habitats in a given area, one can highlight areas supporting a large variety of…
23457
Human pressure potential index in PAs
Human Impact and PressuresIndicator of potential human pressure in and around protected areas derived from indices of forest loss, population and agriculture pressures (DOPA 4.0). This indicator is a proxi for potential human…
21027
Indicator of NBSAPs commitment at mainstreaming biodiversity into sectoral policies
ConservationThe commitment of countries in mainstreaming biodiversity into sectoral policies throughout their post-2010 NBSAPs has been reviewed for 144 countries that have submitted new NBSAPs (by October 2017…
18673
Inland surface water dynamics
Habitats and EcosystemsHow well are we protecting freshwater ecosystems and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting surface water in a given area? Human pressures are constantly increasing and it is important to…
23460
Institutional support to nature-based tourism
FundingIndicator of Tourism industry supportive institutions and policies (WTTC, mean of the years 2017-19).
21096
International Park fees
FundingThis indicator is based on primary data on average National Park (IUCN category II) fees for international visitors expressed in US dollars calculated at market exchange rates, collected at country…
20730
Irrecoverable Carbon
Ecosystem functioning and servicesA new paper published in Nature Sustainability mapped the irrecoveral carbon in earth's ecosystems. It shows how manageable, vulnerable and irrecoverable carbon are distributed among ecosystems.…
23582
Land Degradation
Habitats and EcosystemsHumans need increasing amounts of plant biomass for producing food, fodder, fiber and energy. Being able to meet these demands in the long term requires a sustainable use of land and vegetation…
23466
Land Fragmentation
Habitats and EcosystemsIndicator units: Natural (and semi-natural) land fragmentation refers to the reduction of area, the emergence of discontinuities and the isolation of natural land patches within a region of interest…
23472
Mangrove Forests Protection
ConservationThis dataset shows the Mangrove Forests Protection for the year 2016 and the country mangrove extent for years 1996 and 2016. The dataset is a subset of the global mangrove extent dataset generated…
20919
Marine Protection (%)
ConservationMarine Protection (%) as of February 2021. Percentage or surface (km2 ) of a marine area covered by protected areas. The indicator can be used to assess how far countries or ecoregions are from the…
20984
Megafauna Conservation Index
ConservationThe Megafauna Conservation Index (MCI), developed by researcher led by Peter Lindsey of the University of Pretoria in South Africa, wants to assess the spatial, ecological and financial…
23587
MIKE programme II: Protected areas in MIKE programme
ConservationProtected Areas in MIKE programme All MIKE sites but one overlap with protected areas included in the World Database of Protected Areas (UNEP-WCMC), either entirely or partly. Check the Regional and…
18748
MIKE programme IV: Illegal Killing (PIKE) by protected area
ConservationPercentage of Illegal Killing of Elephants (PIKE) by protected areas in MIKE programme. In the regional and national tabs, maps show the normalised average PIKE over the activity period for each…
18729
MIKE programme V: N of CARCASSES
ConservationTotal number of elephant carcasses reported in MIKE programme over the monitoring period. The global map shows total number of carcasses by MIKE site. The regional and national tabs report aggregated…
18796
Mountain ecosystems in protected areas
Habitats and EcosystemsShare of mountain ecosystems in protected areas. Ecosystems extracted from USGS-TNC World Terrestrial Ecosystems under "mountain" landform category. --- Data Uploaded by Claudia Capitani using the…
23412
Natural Areas Protection Levels
ConservationHow well are different ecosystem types, as indicated by land cover, preserved and how strong are anthropogenic changes affecting their distribution in a given area? Human pressures are constantly…
23485
Nature-based tourism economy indicator by country
FundingNature-based tourism economy indicator This indicator measures sensitivity to pandemic and economic crises affecting international travels and tourism. Nature-based tourism industry is of one of the…
20734
Number of amphibians in country reported threatened by IUCN.
SpeciesSpecies assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary…
23490
Number of birds in country reported threatened by IUCN.
SpeciesSpecies assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary…
23497
Number of endemic amphibians
SpeciesIndicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic amphibians at site and country levels. Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are…
23504
Number of endemic birds
SpeciesIndicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic amphibians at site and country levels. Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are…
23556
Number of endemic mammals
SpeciesIndicator unit: Counting of the number of endemic mammals at site and country levels. Area of interest: Species lists are generated for each terrestrial and coastal protected area, and are provided…
23561
Number of IMET assessments by country
ConservationIMET is a Protected Area Management Effectiveness (PAME) tool that allows an in-depth assessment of marine and terrestrial protected areas, regardless of their management categories and governance…
24215
Number of mammals in country reported threatened by IUCN
SpeciesSpecies assessed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and documented in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species TM (RLTS) have been used to calculate country summary…
23511
Number of species in Protected Areas
SpeciesIndicator unit Returns, for each protected area in a country, the number of species (total, near threatened, threatened, endemic, threatened endemic) with range falling within the protected area.…
24196
Oil Palm Extent
Human Impact and PressuresIndustrial and smallholder oil palm plantation data. Oil seed crops, especially oil palm, are among the most rapidly expanding agricultural land uses, and their expansion is known to cause…
20971
Palm oil plantations-Small holdings
Human Impact and PressuresOil seed crops, especially oil palm, are among the most rapidly expanding agricultural land uses, and their expansion is known to cause significant environmental damage. Accordingly, these crops…
19465
Population Pressure Indicator (PPI)
Human Impact and PressuresHow much potential impact may humans living in a protected area have on that protected area and on the habitats, species and ecological processes therein? How much of this potential impact is due to…
18184
Proportion of forest area under a long term forest management plan (%)
ConservationThe Indicator 15.2.1. "Progress towards sustainable forest management" for the target 15.2, is composed of five sub-indicators that measure progress towards all dimensions of sustainable forest…
20967
Protected Areas Connectivity (ProtConn)
ConservationHow well connected are the terrestrial protected area systems at the country level? This indicator can be used to assess the degree to which the spatial arrangement of Protected Areas (PAs) is…
23517
Protection Levels of Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) by country
ConservationIn which countries are the sites that most contribute to global biodiversity persistence located and how well are these sites covered by protected areas in each country? Safeguarding the Key…
23530
Protection of the West African Manatee
ConservationThe West African Manatee, Trichechus senegalensis, listed as ‘Vulnerable’ on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, inhabits shallow coastal waters, wetland systems and rivers from Senegal to…
21143
Protection of the West African Manatee
ConservationThe Memorandum of Understanding concerning the concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia was concluded under the auspices of the Convention on…
21149
Representativeness of semi-natural terrestrial ecosystems in protected areas
Ecosystem functioning and servicesNumber of terrestrial semi-natural ecosystems protected compared to those existing in each country. Terrestrial Ecosystems in Country and WDPA protected sites. Analysis performed by L. Battistella in…
21186
Representativeness of terrestrial ecosystems in protected areas
Ecosystem functioning and servicesNumber of terrestrial ecosystems protected compared to those existing in each country. Terrestrial Ecosystems in Country and WDPA protected sites. Analysis performed by L. Battistella in February…
21181
Restoring opportunities for ecoregions
ConservationNature Needs Half is one of the approaches proposed to identifying actions supporting the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, focusing on protecting, conserving, restoring and retaining natural…
19376
SADC Transfrontier Conservation Areas
ConservationA Transfrontier Conservation Area (TFCA) is defined as a component of a large ecological region that straddles the boundaries of two or more countries encompassing one or more protected areas as well…
18348
Soil organic carbon
Ecosystem functioning and servicesIndicator unit: Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2. Area of interest: The SOCI has been calculated at the country level, terrestrial…
23535
Species Protection Index
SpeciesSpecies Protection Index (SPI) evaluates the species-level ecological representativeness of each country’s protected area network. It is a measure of the extent to which a country’s protected areas…
23415
Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs)
ConservationIndicator 15.6.1: Total reported number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs) transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country (number). The Contracting Parties…
23424
Time Series - Average proportion of Terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas (%)
ConservationExtract from UN Statistics Division SDG metadata: This indicator Proportion of important sites for terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity that are covered by protected areas shows temporal trends in…
18090
Time Series - Forest area annual net change rate
Land CoverTrends in forest area are crucial for monitoring SFM. The first sub-indicator focuses on both the direction of change (whether there is a loss or gain in forest area) and how the change rate is…
21007
Time Series - Forest area as a proportion of total land area (%)
Land CoverForests fulfil a number of functions that are vital for humanity, including the provision of goods (wood and non-wood forest products) and services such as habitat for biodiversity, carbon…
9113
Time Series - Red List Index
SpeciesExtract from the UN Statistics Division SDG metadata: The Red List Index measures change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. It is based on genuine changes in the number of species…
18151
Total carbon
Ecosystem functioning and servicesIndicator unit: Amount of carbon stored in the soil (0 to 30 cm depth), expressed in Mg (megagrams or tonnes) per km2 . Area of interest The SOCI has been calculated at the country level and for all…
23548
Total protected areas coverage
ConservationCurrent state of protection coverage for both terrestrial and marine sites.
21165
Tourism revenue in Protected Areas budget, share
FundingShare of tourism revenue in protecd areas budget. Steven R, Castley JG, Buckley R (2013) Tourism Revenue as a Conservation Tool for Threatened Birds in Protected Areas. PLoS ONE 8(5): e62598. doi:10.…
19468
Tree Cover Change
Habitats and EcosystemsAccording to FAO, since 1990, 420 million hectares of forest have been lost due to human pressure, but the rate of forest loss has declined substantially. Human activities such as agriculture,…
24219
Visitors to protected areas index
FundingWhich protected areas are visited most frequently? Average annual number of visitors to a protected area. Data are currently available for a limited set of sitesand from different sources, published…
20774
Warm-Water Corals Extent
Habitats and EcosystemsThe dataset shows the country's extent of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre…
21118
Warm-Water Corals Protection
ConservationThe dataset shows the country's protection percentage of Warm-Water Corals for African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. The original dataset and statistics are provided by UNEP World Conservation…
21109
What is the conservation status of the fish stocks?
Human Impact and PressuresA fundamental requirement for productive fisheries is maintenance of the biodiversity that offers natural systems resilience against changing conditions.(FAO, State of World Fishery and Aquaculture…
23421
Wildlife economy potential
SpeciesThe landscape features indicator refers to the presence of lakes, coral reefs and mountain ranges in the countries. The landscape feature indicator is simple presence-absence of big lakes (GLWD_P(0/1…
21088
Wildlife-watching species richness (grid)
SpeciesWhere can the most iconic safari-wildlife species be found? The grid layer represent a richness index of top wildlife watching species/groups, including Rhinos, Elephant, Lion, Leopard, Buffalo,…
21094