Trends in forest area are crucial for monitoring SFM. The first sub-indicator focuses on both the direction of change (whether there is a loss or gain in forest area) and how the change rate is changing over time; the latter is important in order to capture progress among countries that are losing forest area, but have managed to reduce the rate of annual forest area loss.

Forests fulfil a number of functions that are vital for humanity, including the provision of goods (wood and non-wood forest products) and services such as habitat for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, coastal protection and soil and water conservation. The indicator provides a measure of the relative extent of forest in a country. The availability of accurate data on a country's forest area is a key element for forest policy and planning within the context of sustainable development.

West Africa boasts a network of protected areas, including both terrestrial and marine zones, which are vital for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health. These areas, ranging from small forest reserves to expansive national parks and transboundary landscapes, play a crucial role in safeguarding endangered species and habitats. They also provide essential ecosystem services and contribute to local economies through tourism and other sustainable initiatives